In the world of data analysis and statistics, continuous and discrete data play fundamental roles. These two types of quantitative data serve different purposes as people use them to draw valuable ...

Classifying a variable as a particular type of data is important when considering how to present the data. Data can be presented in a number of ways, which depends on the type of variable and the uses ...

Julie Young is an experienced financial writer and editor. She specializes in financial analysis in capital planning and investment management. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker.

The benchmark tests show that the noise-free realization of QA can significantly outperform state-of-the-art classical algorithms. Quantum annealing (QA) is a cutting-edge algorithm that leverages the ...

This paper develops a method to efficiently estimate hidden Markov models with continuous latent variables using maximum likelihood estimation. To evaluate the (marginal) likelihood function, I ...

Control for confounding is crucial in causal observational studies. However, the modelling of continuous confounders has not received much attention. This is probably because in causal research the ...

Classifying a variable as a particular type of data is important when considering how to present the data. Data can be presented in a number of ways, which depends on the type of variable and the uses ...